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Zizhi Tongjian
The ''Zizhi Tongjian'' (''Tzu-chih Tung-chien''; ) is a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography, published in 1084 AD, in the form of a chronicle. In 1065 AD, Emperor Yingzong of Song ordered the great historian Sima Guang (1019–1086 AD) to lead with other scholars such as his chief assistants Liu Shu, Liu Ban and Fan Zuyu,〔Xu Elina-Qian, p.20〕 the compilation of a universal history of China. The task took 19 years to be completed,〔 and, in 1084 AD, it was presented to his successor Emperor Shenzong of Song. The ''Zizhi Tongjian'' records Chinese history from 403 BC to 959 AD, covering 16 dynasties and spanning across almost 1,400 years,〔 and contains 294 volumes (巻) and about 3 million Chinese characters.
==The text==
The principal text of the ''Zizhi Tongjian'' was recorded on 294 ''juan'' (), which are scrolls corresponding to a volume, chapter, or section of the work. The text is a chronological narrative of the history of China from the Warring States to the Five Dynasties. The major contributor, Sima Guang, was active in each step from collecting events and dates from various previous works to drafting and publication.
Sima Guang left the traditional usage in Chinese historiography. For almost 1,000 years since the ''Shiji'' was written, standard Chinese dynastic histories had primarily divided chapters between annals (紀) of rulers, and biographies (傳) of officials. In Chinese terms, the book changed the format of histories from biographical style () to chronological style (), which is better suited for analysis, activism and criticism. According to Wilkinson: "It had an enormous influence on later Chinese historical writing, either directly or through its many abbreviations, continuations, and adaptations. It remains an extraordinarily useful first reference for a quick and reliable coverage of events at a particular time."〔Wilkinson (2000:499)〕
The 294 ''juan'' sweep through 11 Chinese historical periods (Warring States, Qin, Western Han, Eastern Han, Three Kingdoms, Jin and the Sixteen Kingdoms, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties). It was one of the largest historical ''magna opera' in history.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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